Artistic and Philosophical Roots of Italian Fascism

1. Romanticism & Nationalism

• Celebration of nationhood and heroic individualism
• Opposition to Enlightenment ideals of reason and individual rights
• Exaltation of war and national unity

2. Idealism & Philosophy of Strength

• Rejection of liberalism and democracy
• Emphasis on strength, hierarchy, and discipline
• Influence of Nietzsche’s “will to power” and superman concept

3. Futurism

• Glorification of technology, violence, and speed
• Rejection of the past and embrace of radical change
• Emphasis on militarism as a force for national rejuvenation

4. Classical & Roman Tradition

• Revival of Roman imperial glory and symbols
• Adoption of Roman authoritarianism and military discipline
• Use of Roman imagery like fasces and Roman legions

5. Anti-Enlightenment Thought

• Rejection of Enlightenment rationalism and liberalism
• Promotion of myth, irrationality, and collective unity
• Influence of thinkers like Joseph de Maistre and Carl Schmitt

6. Dadaism & Surrealism

• Rejection of tradition and a desire to redefine culture through art
• Fascist adoption of radical art to challenge norms and reshape society
• Creation of emotional and powerful propaganda visuals

Influence on Fascism: Totalitarian Vision, Militarism, National Rebirth